车用典型生物燃料的组分及理化特性对比研究

基于特定的原材料和典型的制备工艺,选取废弃油脂生物柴油（WME）、麻风树果生物柴油（JME）和生物裂解燃油（PBF）作为典型的生物燃料,与在用的国Ⅴ标准0^# 石化柴油（PD）进行组分分子结构及组分含量的对比。GC-MS分析结果表明,生物柴油分子碳链长度集中于C₁₆ ~ C₁₈,且不饱和组分含量较高,生物裂解油组分分子碳链长度较为分散,短链组分明显增加,不饱和组分明显降低。四种燃料的理化特性对比分析结果表明,分子碳链长度及不饱和度对燃油的粘度、十六烷值（CN）以及热值等产生综合影响,三种典型生物燃料特别是生物裂解油对石化柴油有着良好的替代性。

Comparative Study on Composition and Physico-Chemical Properties of Typical Biofuels for Vehicles

Based on specific raw materials and typical production processes, waste oil biodiesel (WME), jatropha biodiesel (JME) and bio-pyrolysis fuel (PBF) were selected as typical biofuels, and 0^# petro-chemical diesel (PD) was also selected. Comparison of molecular structure and component content of these four kinds of fuels were carried out. The results showed that the carbon chain length of biodiesel was concentrated in C₁₆ ~ C₁₈, and the content of unsaturated components was higher. The molecular carbon chain length of PBF component was more dispersed, the content of short-chain components was significantly increased, and the unsaturated component was obviously reduced. By comparing the physicochemical properties of the four fuels, it was shown that the molecular carbon chain length and unsaturation have a direct impact on the viscosity, cetane number (CN) and calorific value. The three typical biofuels, especially PBF, are a good alternative to petrodiesel.