[绿色设计]面向2020年的质子交换膜燃料电池汽车生命周期评价及预测

运用GaBi软件建模，以我国燃料电池技术2020年发展目标为基础，结合美国能源部2020年燃料电池汽车技术计划，对2020年我国燃料电池汽车的全生命周期节能减排绩效进行定量评价计算和预测分析。结果表明：2020年我国每台燃料电池汽车全生命周期平均矿产资源消耗量EADP(e)、化石能源消耗量FADP(f)和温室气体排放量QGWP分别为0.609 kg（锑当量）、3.99×105 MJ以及2.99×104 kg（CO2当量）。从其全生命周期来看，EADP(e)、FADP(f)与原材料获取阶段贵金属铂的生产、制氢技术以及燃料电池的效率有关，QGWP则主要来源于制氢过程中消耗的化石燃料和电能。降低燃料电池汽车对资源环境影响的有效措施有：加快研发关键材料及金属铂的高效回收策略，从而不断降低贵金属的消耗量；改进制氢技术，由化石能源主导变为可再生清洁能源主导；逐步优化电力结构，有效降低氢气压缩过程中的煤电消耗量等。

Life Cycle Assessment and Prediction of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Vehicles for 2020

By modeling with GaBi software, the quantitative evaluation and predictive analysis were made for full life cycle energy saving and emission reduction of China's fuel cell vehicles in 2020 based on the development goal of China's fuel cell technology in 2020 and the U.S. DOE 2020 fuel cell vehicle technology plan. The results show that the average mineral resource depletion EADP(e), fossil energy consumption FADP(f) and environmental impact QGWP for fuel cell vehicles of China in full life cycle are as 0.609 kg(Sb-Eq.), 3.99×105 MJ and 2.99×104 kg(CO2-Eq.) respectively. The production of precious metals platinum, hydrogen production technology and fuel cell efficiency in raw material acquisition phase plays a key role in fuel cell vehicle life cycle EADP(e) and FADP(f), while QGWP mostly comes from the consumption of fossil fuel and electric energy in the processes of hydrogen production. The effective measures to reduce the impact of fuel cell vehicles on resources and environment are as below: accelerating the development of key materials and the efficient recycling strategies of platinum are used to reduce the consumption of precious metals gradually, improving hydrogen production technology which may change from fossil energy to renewable clean energy, gradually optimizing the power structure to effectively reduce the consumption of coal electricity in the hydrogen compression processes.