多途径给予榄香烯对兔肝的组织学影响

目的:分析经不同途径或方式给予榄香烯对实验兔肝功能及组织学的影响，探讨临床局部应用榄香烯的可行性、安全性及优势。方法: 将新西兰白兔30只随机等分为外周静脉注射、肝动脉灌注、肝动脉碘化油栓塞、肝动脉明胶海绵颗粒栓塞及肝脏直接穿刺注射5组, 每只兔均给予临床等效剂量的榄香烯注射液。抽取实验兔给药后6 h及1周时的静脉血检测其肝功能，并制取同时段肝脏的组织学切片。结果: 碘化油组、直接穿刺组及明胶海绵组实验兔给药后6 h血清AST分别为（414.7±235.2）、（333.3±250.6）和（92.3±73.6） μmol/L，ALT分别为（209.0±116.5）、（118.7±50.0）和（68.3±21.4） μmol/L，与给药前比较，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.01），给药后1周这些指标已大部分恢复接近正常；而静脉组或动脉灌注组实验兔的相应指标和给药前比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。给药后6 h碘化油组、明胶海绵组及直接穿刺组实验兔肝组织均出现了程度不等的凝固性坏死或细胞水肿变性，1周后则见明显的汇管区小胆管增生、炎细胞浸润和脂肪变性。动脉灌注组和静脉注射组实验兔肝组织仅表现为细胞的水肿变性，但动脉组的药物效应明显强于静脉组。结论:临床等效剂量的榄香烯经外周静脉或肝动脉给药均安全，经动脉灌注药物显示有明显的“首过效应”，经肝动脉栓塞或直接穿刺注射后兔肝局部坏死明显，可为临床对肝脏肿瘤的局部治疗提供依据。

Effects of elemene injected in multiple ways on liver histology changes in rabbits

AIM: To explore the effects of elemene injected in multiple ways on liver histology changes in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: transauricular vein group (n=6), transarterial perfusion group (n=6), transarterial lipiodol group (n=6), transarterial gelfoam group (n=6) and transhepatic puncture group (n=6). Each rabbit was administrated elemene (20 mg/kg) via different access in 6 minutes. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) concentrations were measured and 2 rabbits were euthanized for histological analysis at 6 hours and 1 week after administration. RESULTS: The AST concentration in plasma 6 hours after administration was（414.7±235.2） μmol/L in transarterial lipiodol group,（333.3±250.6） μmol/L in transhepatic puncture group, （92.3±73.6）μmol/L in transarterial gelfoam group and ALT concentration was （209.0±116.5）μmol/L in transarterial lipiodol group, （118.7±50.0）μmol/L in transhepatic puncture group, （68.3±21.4） μmol/L in transarterial gelfoam group, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of transauricular vein group or transarterial perfusion group (P<0.01). Under optical microscope, different degree of coagulation necrosis was seen easily in the transarterial lipiodol group, transhepatic puncture group and transarterial gelfoam group, concurrent with small bile duct hyperplasia, infiltration of a lot of inflammatory cells around bile duct, fatty degeneration of liver cells. However, only mild or moderate hydropic degeneration of liver cells was seen in transauricular vein group or transarterial perfusion group. CONCLUSION: Compared with transauricular vein or transarterial perfusion administration, the effects of elemene injected transarterial with lipiodol or gelfoam and transhepatic puncture may be more efficient.