同位素应用的现状和新进展

同位素技术是一门传统学科，19世纪末，贝克勒尔发现天然放射性，尤其是发现镭后，放射性同位素技术就迅速得到了应用，但是受同位素制备能力的限制，该技术发展十分缓慢。20世纪50年代以后，随着放射性同位素制备能力的提高，同位素应用得到了快速发展，被广泛应用到核仪表、辐照加工、癌症治疗、辐射育种等领域。21世纪，随着同位素分析测量技术、生物技术及半导体技术的进步，同位素应用取得了较大进展，同位素在经济建设、国防建设和科学研究中的应用十分广泛。本文重点介绍同位素在工业、农业、医疗、环境和科研等领域中的主要应用及最新进展。

Current Situation and Progress on Isotope Application

When the natural radioactivity was discovered at the end of 19th century,especially after Radium was extracted,the radioisotopes were put into practice quickly.But due to the restriction of manufacture ability,it developed very slowly.After 1950s,with the improvement of manufacture ability,the radioisotopes developed rapidly,being widely used in many fields such as nuclear instrument,irradiation processing,cancer treatment,irradiation breeding,etc.In 21th century,owe to the progress on isotope analysis ＆ measurement technology,biology technology and semiconductor technology,the isotope application has been making great achievements again in the aspects of isotopic tracing,stable isotope technology and nuclear medicine,etc.As a traditional subject,isotope technology has been blooming with powerful vitality and broad prospect.This paper mainly introduced the application and development of isotopes in the fields of industry,agriculture,medical treatment,environment and science research,including the most recent achievements on isotope application.