我国城市现状供水成本与价格的问题与改革建议

长期以来我国水价偏低,成本核算不合理,城市供水成本和价格管理在亏损、补贴、投资以及价格制定等方面存在问题。通过统计数据分析以及实地调研,梳理我国城市供水成本与价格管理中主要的问题及其成因,揭示城市供水成本核算与供水价格改革的诉求和焦点,总结我国城市供水价格改革可借鉴的经验。界定城市供水管理中政企用三者职责,提出供水成本的财政与价格分担机制以及财政分担方式,并提出应尽快全面推广成本定期监审与信息公开制度。针对我国供水价格改革,提出了实行水资源费与污水处理费调整联动机制、建立科学合理的调价机制以及核定供水企业合理收益等改革方向;针对供水价格调整机制,提出了规定合理调价周期、确定合理调价幅度、科学界定阶梯水价以及"谁受益、谁付费"的建议。

Current problems and reform suggestions on the cost and price of urban water supply in China

For a long time，the water price of China is low and the cost accounting is unreasonable，there are several problems in cost and price management of urban water supply such as losses，subsidies，investment，and price setting. Based on statistical data analysis and actual investigation，we sort out main problems and causes of urban water supply cost accounting and price management in China，reveal demands and focus of urban water supply cost accounting and the price reform，and summarize the experience of China’s urban water supply price reform. In this study，we define the responsibilities of government and enterprises in urban water supply management，and propose the financial and price sharing mechanism of water supply cost and the way of financial sharing. Otherwise，the cost of regular supervision and information disclosure system shall be established as soon as possible. In view of the reform of water supply price in China，the paper puts forward some reform directions，such as implementing the adjustment linkage mechanism of water resource fee and sewage treatment fee，establishing a scientific and reasonable price adjustment mechanism and verifying the reasonable income of water supply enterprises. As for the adjustment mechanism of water supply price，some suggestions are also put forward，such as defining reasonable price adjustment period，determining reasonable price adjustment range，defining stepped water price scientifically and‘who benefits，who pays’.