国内地热资源类型特征及其开发利用进展

地热是一种绿色低碳、环保节能的可再生资源。系统梳理我国悠久的地热资源研究历程,发现目前我国地热资源类型众多,正处于全面发展阶段,具有巨大的开发利用潜力。地热资源的分类是评价和开发地热的关键因素,因此,在对比分析国内外地热分类研究成果的基础上,进一步提出地热资源系统分类方案。依照赋存埋深和温度将地热资源划分为浅层地热资源、水热型地热资源和干热岩三个大类;再从地热资源富集赋存的关键要素出发,依照源(热源和水源)、通(通道及传输)、储(储集体)、盖(盖层)等地质要素将水热型地热资源进一步细分为岩浆型(Ⅱ1)、隆起断裂型(Ⅱ2)和沉降盆地型(Ⅱ3)三亚类,将干热岩细分为强烈构造活动带型(Ⅲ1)、沉积盆地型(Ⅲ2)、高放射性产热型(Ⅲ3)和近代火山型(Ⅲ4)四亚类。通过系统划分地热资源类型,总结各亚类特征,结合对当前国内地热资源开发利用现状、技术难点的分析总结,形成对地热资源研究的有益认识,以期为今后地热资源因地制宜的开发利用提供指导和参考。

The characteristics and development of geothermal resources in China

Geothermal is a green,low-carbon,environmentally-friendly and energy-saving renewable resource.By systematically reviewing the research process of domestic geothermal resources,it s recognized that there are many types of geothermal resources in China,which are in the stage of comprehensive development and have great potential for development and utilization.The key element in the assessment and development of geothermal energy systems is the resource type.Hence,based on comparative analysis of worldwide classifications of geothermal resources,a systematic classification scheme of geothermal resources is further proposed.The geothermal resources are divided into shallow geothermal resources,hydrothermal geothermal resources and dry hot rocks according to the buried depth and temperature.And then according to the key factors(source,channel,storage and cover)of geothermal resources enrichment and storage,the hydrothermal geothermal resources are further subdivided into magma type(II 1),uplift fault type(II 2)and subsidence basin type(II 3)tri-class and the dry hot rocksare subdivided into strong tectonic activity zone type(III 1),sedimentary basin type(III 2),high-radiation heat-generating type(III 3)and modern volcanic type(III 4)four-subclass.By systematically dividing the types of geothermal resources,summing up the characteristics of each subcategory,combining with the analysis and summary of the current situation and technical difficulties of the development and utilization of geothermal resources in China,the beneficial understanding of the study is formed that we want to provide guidance and reference for the future development and utilization of geothermal resources in accordance with local conditions.