复杂条件下隧道爆破施工技术方案研究

为研究复杂条件下隧道开挖的爆破技术与爆破安全问题,通过理论计算并以在实际工程中验证,对爆破的方案、减震技术以及具体爆破施工设计进行了详细研究。以某隧道工程为例,制定了该隧道的爆破施工技术方案,选择合适的爆破材料、炮眼直径、深度及掏槽方式;科学合理地确定循环进尺、炮孔深度、掏槽方式、炸药单耗、填塞长度等爆破参数。通过计算研究,给出了光面爆破炮眼具体装药量,并将三种开挖工况下最大单段爆破震动速度值控制在安全范围以内。通过综合应用减震掏槽、毫秒延时爆破、水压光面爆破、设置减震干扰孔等减震技术,有效地减轻爆破震动效应,确保了隧道施工任务的顺利完成。研究所得成果为复杂条件下隧道的爆破设计和施工提供可借鉴的工程经验。

Study on technical scheme of tunnel blasting construction under complicated condition

In order to study the blasting technology and blasting safety of the tunnel excavation under complicated condition，the blasting scheme，damping technology and specific blasting construction design are studied herein in detail through the theoretical calculation and the verification in the actual project. By taking a tunnel project as the study case，the blasting technical scheme of the tunnel is made，and then adaptable blasting materials，diameter and depth of blasthole and blasting cut mode are selected， while the blasting parameters，such as cyclical footage，blasthole depth，blasting cut mode，unit explosive consumption，stemming length，etc. ，are scientifically determined. Through the relevant calculation and study，the specific explosive charge for the blasthole of smooth blasting is given out，while the maximum values of the blasting vibration velocity per delay interval under three excavation conditions are controlled within the safe range. Through the damping technologies of damping cut，millisecond delay blasting，water pressure smooth blasting，arranging shock-absorbing interference holes，etc. ，the blasting vibration effect is effectively alleviated，and then the smooth completion of the tunnel construction is ensured as well. Achievements obtained from the study can provide some referential engineering experiences for the blasting design and construction of the tunnel under complicated condition.