粘弹性表面活性剂研究进展

介绍了研究粘弹性表面活性剂的方法和实验手段、主要的产品以及在内部微观结构和流变特性方面的研究成果。当粘弹性表面活性剂溶液浓度增大到某一临界浓度时，球形胶束开始向蠕虫状胶束转变，溶液粘度突然增大，随着浓度的进一步增大，蠕虫状胶束快速生长、增长并形成线型柔性棒状胶束，柔性棒状胶束相互缠绕、粘附甚至融合，形成某种超分子三维网状结构，溶液粘度急剧增加，并表现出较强的粘弹性。粘弹性表面活性剂溶液的零剪切粘度与表面活性剂、外加盐、相反电荷表面活性剂及助表面活性剂浓度有关；绝大部分粘弹性表面活性剂溶液具有剪切释释性和触变性．概述了粘弹性表面活性剂在压裂液、钻井液、流体输送减阻和提高采收率的应用前景，指出了粘弹性表面活性剂广泛适用化尚露解决的工作．

The Research of Viscoelastic Surfactants

The component, microcosmic structure and rheological behavior of viscoelastic surfactants solutions which includes ionic, amphoteric and non-ionic are introduced. In viscoelastic surfactants solutions, roundness glues turn into vermiculate glues as the concentration approaches a certain critical value and the vermiculate glues rapidly develop along with the increase of the concentration and forms flexibility claviform glues finally. A certain macromolecule three-dimensional network structure is formed with the involvement, adhere and amalgamation of the claviform glues. Thus, the viscosity rapidly increases and the solutions represents higher viscoelastic. Results show that zero shear viscosity of the viscoelastic surfactants solutions are related with surfactants, salt, opposition electric charge surfactants and concentration of cosurfactants, and the most viscoelastic surfactants solutions have shearing dilution, thixotropy. The application prospect of the viscoelastic surfactant in fracturing fluid, drilling fluid, accelerating fluid feeding, enhancing oil recovery are summarized. This paper also indicates that some works should be done in using the viscoelastic surfactant extensively.