Prediction of beam tilting effects using an enhanced ray launchingmodel in the urban area

This paper presents an effective propagation area method that enhances the computation efficiency of the existing ray launching model. Using the effective propagation area method, the effective propagation region to be considered can be constructed from a given geographical database, and buildings that have a substantial effect on the total received power can be considered in a very efficient manner. In order to verify the predicted accuracy of the proposed model, the received power has been predicted for the real microcellular environment and compared with the published measurement. It is observed from the prediction results that the proposed model shows considerable improvement in computation speed and good agreement with the measurements. In addition, the effect of beam tilting on the path loss in an urban area is analyzed using the proposed model. It has been observed that beam downtilting can effectively confine the signal to the desirable home cell with reduced transmitting power, narrow half-power beam width (HPBW), and suitable fixed antenna height