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Graphitic Carbon in Snow |
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| Authors: | Vandana Srivastava Petr Chýlek R G. Pinnick R. L. Dod T. Novakov |
| Affiliation: | 1. School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma , Norman, OK, 73019;2. Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory , White Sands Missile Range, NM, 88002;3. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory , University of California , Berkeley, CA, 94720 |
| Abstract: | We collected several samples of fresh snow from the areas of southern New Mexico and western Texas. Samples were analyzed to determine graphitic carbon content of snow in rural and urban areas and to compare these present values with those obtained from deep ice core samples several thousand years old. To model the optical properties of snow grains containing carbon we used several different versions of effective medium approximations. Calculations are compared with microwave analog measurements to determine which of these approximations can reasonably well predict the properties of mixtures such as snow and carbon. Suggestions regarding which of the effective medium approximations that should not be used are presented. |
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