多种酶法处理提高马铃薯回生抗性淀粉制备率

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,以抗性淀粉制备产率为考察指标,研究α–淀粉酶、糖化酶和纤维素酶种类、酶加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH、多种酶最佳配比及酶解顺序对RS3型抗性淀粉制备产率影响。固定条件:淀粉乳10%,高压温度120℃,高压时间30min,老化温度4℃,老化时间12h,糖化酶单独处理制备马铃薯回生抗性淀粉最佳酶解工艺条件为:糖化酶加量为1,200U/mL,酶解时间为60min,pH为5.0,酶解温度为55℃,制备产率达8.862%;纤维素酶单独处理制备马铃薯回生抗性淀粉最佳酶解工艺条件为:纤维素酶加量为40U/mL,酶解时间为45min,pH为5.0,酶解温度为35℃,制备产率达17.748%。α–淀粉酶、糖化酶和纤维素酶两两联合处理、三种酶共同处理均使马铃薯回生抗性淀粉制备产率降低;而纤维素酶处理可大大提高马铃薯回生抗性淀粉制备产率。RS3制备过程系为通过破坏纤维素等阻隔淀粉分子聚集的非淀粉物质提高制备产率,比将淀粉分子分解从颗粒结构中释放出以提高RS3制备产率更为有效。

Increasing of preparation ratio of retrograded resistant starch (RS3) of potatoes by complex of different enzymatic methods

The potato starch was used to study the effect of category,addition,hydrolysis time and temperature of α–amylase,cellulose and glucoamylase,pH of starch pastes concentration,complex treatments and hydrolysis sequence of them. The results indicates that the optimum process for single glucoamylase treatment were the addition of the glucoamylase 1,200 U/g starch,hydrolysis time 60 min、pH 5.0,and the yield of RS3 was 8.862;for single cellulose treatment,the optimum process were the addition of the cellulase 400U/g starch,hydrolysis time 45min、pH 5.0,and the yield of RS3 reached 17.748,when other conditions were fixed such as the concentration of the potatoes starch solution 10%,autoclaving temperature 120℃,autoclaving time 30 min,and incubating 12 h under 4℃. The both or complex treatments of three enzymes led to decrease of preparation of retrograded resistant potato starch. The preparation ratio could be enhanced greatly by treatment of cellulose. It was more effect to enhance ratio of potato retrogradation preparation by breakage of non–starch such as cellulose than by release of starch molecular from granule.