气体水合物形成的热力学与动力学研究进展

气体水合物形成过程中涉及复杂的热力学和动力学问题.本文对水合物热力学理论模型、水合物生成动力学机理等方面的研究成果和最新进展进行了综述.热力学方面重点介绍了基于等温吸附理论 (van der Waals-Platteeuw模型)和基于双过程水合物生成机理(Chen-Guo模型)的相平衡热力学模型，同时介绍水合物结构及其转变方面的最新研究成果.动力学方面介绍了成簇成核、界面成核等成核机理模型以及成核后的水合物生长机理.另外还述及了目前水合物热力学和动力学研究中所涉及的微观、亚微观和宏观测量方法.针对目前水合物热力学和动力学研究中存在的问题，对未来的发展方向和重点提出了建议.

Progress of thermodynamics and kinetics of gas hydrate formation

Complex thermodynamics and kinetics problems are involved in the gas hydrate formation.This paper reviews the research progress of hydrate thermodynamic models and kinetics mechanisms.In the thermodynamic aspect, phase equilibrium models based on isothermal adsorption theory (van der Waals-Platteeuw model) and double-process hydrate growth mechanism(Chen-Guo model)are emphasized,and the research progress of the hydrate structure and its transition are presented.Kinetics mechanisms for hydrate nucleation, including cluster nucleation from liquid and interfacial nucleation, and hydrate growth after nucleation are also introduced.The measurement techniques for hydrate at microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic level are provided which can be used to improve the development of thermodynamics and kinetics models and connect the microscopic with macroscopic domains.The important aspects for future hydrate formation research are discussed.