Preparation of CuInxGa1−xSe2 solar cells by electron beam evaporation of powdered evaporants |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China;2. Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Electric Transportation and Smart Distribution Network, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China;3. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China;1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;3. Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;5. Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM) COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan;6. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;7. Centre of Research in Ionic Liquid, Department of Chemical Engineering Universit Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Malaysia;1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Taichung, Taiwan 40724, Republic of China;2. Institute of Microelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, and Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, Republic of China;1. CEA-CNRS Group “Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs”, Institut Néel, INAC/SP2M, Université Joseph Fourier, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France;2. CEA, LITEN, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France;3. CEA, INAC, SP2M, LEMMA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France;4. Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France |
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| Abstract: | Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation of ball-milled powders containing various amounts of gallium. The effects of the gallium concentration in the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 on the structure, surface morphology and optical properties of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy and optical spectroscopy. All of the films, which were deposited at 450 °C, were polycrystalline and exhibited a chalcopyrite structure with a (112) preferred orientation. The optical constants of the films were calculated. The grain size, the roughness and the band gap increased with increasing amounts of gallium in the films. A glass/TCO/CdS/CIGS/Au solar cell with 12.87% efficiency was prepared directly from the powdered material. |
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| Keywords: | CIGS thin films CIGS solar cells Electron beam deposition |
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