天然气管输定价新机制对管输企业的影响

我国天然气管输价格确定方式已由基于"一线一价"原则的经营期评价法转变为基于"一企一率"原则的服务成本法。新的定价机制在推动天然气产业发展的同时,也给管输企业的生产经营带来了挑战。为此,笔者以某管输企业为例,分别利用经营期评价法和服务成本法对其在役管道进行经济效益分析,研究定价机制改革后对企业效益的影响,同时进行情景假设,探讨新定价机制下管道负荷率和新建管道建设方案对企业效益的影响。案例分析结果表明:(1)在新的定价机制下,管输企业有效资产获得的效益得到了有效监管,无法获得超额收益;(2)随着定价机制的改变,管输企业的生产经营风险增加,投资积极性可能会减弱;(3)管道负荷率在75%时,管输企业的运营效率最高;(4)管输企业在新建管道项目投资决策时,将会更多地考虑已有管道的负荷率水平。进而建议管输企业加强成本管控,优化运营管理,依据已有管道的负荷率情况,灵活决策。

Impacts of a new pricing mechanism on gas pipeline transmission companies

China's natural gas pipeline rates determination method had been changed to the current service cost method based on the principle of "One Company One Rate" from the original operation period assessment method based on the principle of "One Pipeline One Rate". This new pricing mechanism brought challenges to the production and operation of pipeline transmission companies while promoting the growth of the natural gas industry. For this reason, by carrying out a case study from a certain pipeline transmission company, we conducted an economic benefit analysis respectively with the operation period assessment method and service cost method and studied the impacts of the pricing mechanism reform on enterprise benefits. In the meantime, we set different scenarios to discuss the impacts of pipeline load rates under the new pricing mechanism and new pipeline construction schemes on enterprise revenues. Results of this case study indicated: (1) under the new pricing mechanism, benefits obtained from the effective assets of pipeline transmission companies would be effectively supervised and they cannot obtain excess earnings; (2) with the change of pricing mechanism, production and operation risks of the pipeline transmission companies would increase so that their investment enthusiasm may be decreased; (3) pipeline transmission companies would be in the most efficient operation when the pipeline load rate is at 75%; (4) when making investment decisions on a new pipeline project, pipeline transmission companies may consider more about the load rate level of existing pipelines. Therefore, we recommended that pipeline transmission companies should strengthen cost management and control, optimize operational management and make flexible decisions based on the load rates of existing pipelines.