桂中坳陷下石炭统黑色页岩发育特征及页岩气勘探潜力

位于广西壮族自治区中部的桂中坳陷石炭系具有较好的页岩气勘探前景,但优质页岩的分布、品质和勘探潜力不清制约了该区页岩气的勘探成效。为了指导该坳陷石炭系页岩气的勘探,以下石炭统鹿寨组页岩为研究对象,利用该坳陷及周缘野外露头、钻井录井、分析测试等资料,对页岩地层的分布特征、有机地球化学特征、储集特征、保存条件等进行了系统研究,落实黑色页岩发育特征,总结优质页岩展布规律,分析页岩气勘探潜力,圈定勘探有利区带。研究结果表明:(1)桂中坳陷鹿寨组页岩以深水陆棚相沉积的碳质页岩、硅质页岩为主;(2)鹿寨组优质页岩厚度介于20～60 m,有机碳含量高、有机质类型好、有机质成熟度适中、脆性矿物含量高、储集物性较好、有机质孔隙发育;(3)柳城斜坡和宜山凹陷发育良好的区域盖层和顶底板,构造变形程度较弱,抬升剥蚀作用较弱,远离走滑性质较强的逆断层,具有良好的保存条件;(4)该坳陷早期地表构造所钻浅井气显示丰富、多口井获得天然气流,揭示了较好的页岩气勘探前景。结论认为,柳城斜坡带、宜山凹陷埋藏深度较大的宽缓向斜是该坳陷页岩气勘探的有利区。

Development characteristics and shale gas exploration potential of the Lower Carboniferous black shale in the Guizhong Depression

The Carboniferous shale in the Guizhong Depression of central Guangxi presents good exploration potential of shale gas, but its exploration effectiveness is restricted by the unclear distribution, quality and potential of high-quality shale. In this paper, the Lower Carboniferous Luzhai shale was taken as the research object in order to guide the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in the Guizhong Depression. Based on the field outcrops, well drilling, well logging and test data of the Guizhong Depression and its surrounding areas, the shale formation was studied systematically based on the characteristics of distribution, organic geochemistry and reservoir, and the preservation conditions. Then, the development characteristics of black shale were confirmed and the distribution laws of high-quality shale were summarized. Finally, shale gas exploration was analyzed and the favorable exploration areas were defined. And the following research results were obtained. First, the Luzhai Fm shale in the Guizhong Depression is mainly carbonaceous shale and siliceous shale of deepwater continental shelf facies. Second, the high-quality Luzhai shale is 20–60 m thick and it is characterized by high total organic carbon, good type of organic matters, moderate maturity of organic matter, high content of brittle minerals, good reservoir property and developed pores of organic matters. Third, regional caprocks and roofs & floors are well developed in the Liucheng Slope and the Yishan Sag. They are weakly deformed, suffer from less uplift and denudation, and are far away from the strong strike–slip reverse fault, so they have good preservation conditions. Fourth, shallow wells which were drilled in the surface structures of the Guizhong Depression in the early stage present abundant gas shows, and most of them produce gas flow, which reveals a promising prospect of shale gas exploration in this area. In conclusion, the wide and gentle synclines with large burial depth in the Liucheng Slope and the Yishan Sag are the favorable areas for shale gas exploration in the Guizhong Depression.