页岩气水平井重复压裂层段优选与效果评估

对页岩气储层实施初次体积压裂后,生产测井监测显示1/3的射孔簇不产气或产气量较少,而且投产后产量递减也普遍较快。为此,应用微地震解释数据与裂缝网络扩展结果,建立压裂缝网预测模型与压裂井产能预测模型,在综合考虑岩石物性、微地震、生产动态等影响因素的条件下,提出了页岩重复压裂开发潜力评价指数(RDPEI),建立了重复压裂设计与评估方法,实现了针对性的层段优选与评价,并进行了现场应用。研究结果表明:(1)天然裂缝的非均质性导致压裂缝网存在着较大的差异,易形成明显的"死气区",具有较大的重复压裂挖掘潜力;(2)初次压裂裂缝网络受天然裂缝的影响大,裂缝网络主体沿最大水平主应力方向扩展,局部改造段裂缝扩展呈双翼扩展,液体波及裂缝网络长度为地震解释结果的52%~70%;(3)RDPEI模型避免了单因素分析的局限性,实现了对可采性、可压性与重复压裂3类指数的定量预测;(3)实例井重复压裂测试页岩气产量提高了38.9%,1年累计产气量提高了62.5%,增产效果明显。结论认为,重复压裂是提高页岩气单井最终可采储量的有效可行手段,该研究方法为页岩水平井重复压裂层段优选与效果评估提供了理论与技术支撑。

Optimal selection and effect evaluation of re-fracturing intervals of shale-gas horizontal wells

The monitoring results of production logging show that almost one third of perforation clusters produce no or less gas after volumetric fracturing is initially applied in shale gas reservoirs. Besides, the production decline after the commissioning is commonly faster. In this paper, a fracture network prediction model and a fracturing well productivity prediction model were established based on microseismic interpretation data and hydraulic fracture network propagation results. After petrophysics, microseism, production performance were taken into consideration comprehensively, shale re-fracturing development potential evaluation index (RDPEI) was proposed. Then, a re-fracturing design and evaluation method was developed and targeted interval selection and evaluation was realized and applied on site. And the following research results were obtained. First, due to the heterogeneity of natural fractures, hydraulic fracture networks are more different, so an obvious "dead gas zone" can be easily formed and its re-fracturing potential is high. Second, the initial hydraulic fracture network is more affected by natural fractures. The main part of a fracture network propagates along the direction of maximum horizontal major stress, the fractures in regional stimulated intervals propagate in the form of double wing, and the length of a liquid swept fracture network is 52–70% of seismic interpretation result. Third, the RDPEI model avoids the limitations of single factor analysis and realizes the quantitative prediction on three types of indexes of recoverability, compressibility and re-fracturing. Fourth, re-fracturing of the case well is remarkable in stimulation effect. Its shale gas productivity is increased by 38.9%, and its cumulative gas production in one year is increased by 62.5%. In conclusion, re-fracturing is an effective and feasible method for improving the single-well ultimate recovery reserves of shale gas. This method provides a theoretical and technical support for the selection and effect evaluation of re-fracturing intervals in shale-gas horizontal wells.