西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤实践进展

“保水采煤”是应鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪煤田独特的矿床地质条件而提出，经过多年研究和探索，在基础研究、工程实践等领域取得了大量成果。总结了不同阶段保水采煤研究的最新进展和存在的科学问题。基础研究阶段，查明了煤层与含（隔）水层空间关系、煤层覆岩结构类型，划分了保水采煤地质条件分区，编绘了基于地下水位保护的采煤方法规划图，提出了开采区域评价方法和采煤方法等实现“保水采煤”的途径。在工程实践阶段，以生态水位保护为原则，开展了基于含水层结构保护的充填开采、窄条带开采、限高（分层）开采、短壁机械化开采法、快速推进法等“因地制宜”的保水采煤工程实践，开展了基于岩溶承压含水层结构保护的底板注浆加固保水采煤工程实践；以水资源保护、利用为原则，开展了基于地下水转移储存、采空区储水的保水采煤工程实践。

Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area

It is the unique geological environment conditions in northern Ordos Basin Jurassic coalfield that the issue “water-preserved coal mining” is presented.After years of research，there have been some significant progresses in basic research and engineering practice.This paper summarized the latest achievements in the research of water-preserved coal mining.In the basic research phase：identified spatial distribution relation between coal bed with aquifers and impermeable layer；established the structure type of coal bed roof；divided the coal mining area into different partitions to protect aquifer；and specified the mining methods in different regions to protect groundwater.In the engineering practice phase：five kinds of aquifer-structure-preserved mining methods be employed to protect roof aquifer structure，including cut-and-fill mining，strip mining，slice mining，short-wall continuous mechanical mining and fast marching mining；reinforced bottom plate by grouting to protect Karst confined water in Weibei mining area；and transferred swallet into mined-out area to improve the utilization.