青藏铁路的重要意义、技术难点及力学问题 第十三届全国结构工程学术会议特邀报告

通过国内外冻土研究现状及青藏铁路修建几十年的历史回顾,结合青藏高原海拔最高、自然环境恶劣、地质条件复杂的特点,阐述了青藏铁路的特殊性、复杂性以及修建的可行性和在西部大开发中的重要意义。通过对路基工程、桥涵工程以及隧道工程等关键技术问题的讨论,使我们对于各种试验研究的目的及针对性有了更清晰的认识,为各种技术或工程措施的应用提供了依据和前提。结合兰州交通大学参与主持的青藏课题,对于部分结构形式在多年冻土条件下的力学特性和机理进行了简述,表明了其力学问题的差异性和特殊性,为进一步深化认识和分析提供了参考。总之,通过青藏公路几十年的运营和近3年青藏铁路的修建,多年冻土地区的三大难点已突出表现和集中在冻土方面。我们对多年冻土的认识和深化也将是一个艰巨的、长期的探索研究过程。

The significance, the key technical problems and the mechanical problems of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway

Considering the highest altitude, the severely natural environment and the complex geological conditions of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, recalling about the present research on frozen soil and the history of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway, the article explain the specialty, complexity and feasibility of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway as well as its significance in West Development of China. The article discussed the key technical problems of subgrade engineering, bridge engineering and tunnel engineering. Thus gave clearly understanding on the aims and focuses of different tests and researches. These tests and researches provide a foundation for different technology or engineering measure to apply in Qinghai-Tibetan Railway. According to the research task of Lanzhou Jiaotong University, the mechanical character and principle of part of structure shape were discussed under permafrost condition and the difficulty and specialty were compared at the same time. These analyses are useful for further research. In a word, through the operations of Qinghai-Tibetan Highway over past decades and the construction of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway in recent three years. The three key technical problems are mainly concentrated on frozen soil. The real research about frozen soil would be a long and tough process.