Bleeding of cement pastes containing paraffin wax emulsions and clays

Bleeding properties were studied in cement pastes containing a number of different paraffin wax emulsions and clays. Bentonite suspensions and wax emulsions which were unstable in the presence of cement paste filtrate, reduced bleeding rates and capacities more effectively than kaolin suspensions or stable wax emulsions. Additions of calcium lignosulphonate diminished the efficiency with which wax emulsions and bentonite reduced bleeding in cement pastes.