Scaling problems in dynamic system simulation

Dynamic system simulation using analog or hybrid computers requires scaling of the variables. This problem arises also in digital simulation when fixed-point arithmetic is used. Prediction of variables extrema is the most difficult problem in scaling. Authors developed methods of estimation of variables based on direct Lyapunov method. General solution for the linear time-invariant systems was obtained. Extension of this solution for some classes of non-linear systems common in control engineering is also shown.