近十年活性染料的技术进展--纪念活性染料开发五十年

综述了近十年活性染料在商品化技术、清洁工艺、结构修饰和基础研究领域的进展,在复配增效的商品化技术方面：活性黑染料增深主要是引入对电子转移有利的取代基或加长染料分子的共轭系统,并辅以溶解度和上染性能相近的橙色、红色染料：筛选性能和结构相近的染料复配可获得明显的增深效果;清洁生产主要发展高转化率和选择性的定向反应新工艺,减少反应过程中副产物和三废生成,以及将副产通过处理转化为主产物。近年新母体或新活性基没有新的突破性进展,活性染料的结构修饰主要是引入一些取代基改善染料的染色性能和环保性能。对活性染料构效关系的基础研究值得注意的成果是：以萘酚类为偶合组分的偶氮染料中,醌腙体是的稳定态,取代基对颜色的影响取决于对吸电子一供电子发色体的电子转移是否有利;染料的缔合状态直接影响染料的溶解度及染色特性参数S、R、E、F值,不同桥基的引入,会影响染料分子平面性．溶解度、分子缔合度及上染性能。

The Developments of Reactive Dyes in the Last Decade--Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Invention of Reactive Dyes

Developments in reactive dyes during the past decade, including commercialization and clean production technologies and fundamental research work, are reviewed. In commercialization techniques, the emphasis has been on the improvement of the blackness of reactive black dyes by introducing either appropriate substituents to facilitate electron transition or shading with corresponding orange and/or red dyes with similar build-up properties. Clean production technology mainly involves use of "directional reactions" in order to obtain both higher conversion ratios and selectivity and to minimize the formation of by-products or improve the conversion of by-products to the target product. In fundamental research, focus was laid on the relationship between the color and structure of azo dyes, the phenomena of dye aggregation and the effect of steric effect on dyeing performance, dyeing properties and reactivity of the reactive dyes.