炼油厂废水的最小化

石油炼厂作为用水大户，在水资源逐渐短缺、环境污染日益严重的情况下，实施废水最小化改造具有重要的现实意义。笔者以石油炼厂整个水分配系统年度费用最小为目标函数，提出采用回用、再生回用和再生循环3种措施减少新鲜水用量和废水排放量。利用超结构建模求解所得优化的水分配系统不但要满足各用水过程的需求，而且使排放的废水达标。给出的实例证明，所提出的方法更全面地考虑了废水最小化的机会，且所得结果可行、有效。

WASTEWATER MINIMIZATION IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES

Taking account of the minimization of annual total cost of water allocation system in a petroleum refinery as objective function,three approaches,including water reuse,regenerated water reuse and regenerated water recycle,are used to reduce fresh water consumption and wastewater discharge.The optimal flow scheme of water allocation system,obtained through superstructure modeling and solving,not only satisfied the demand of water using subsystem but also attained environmental discharge standard for wastewater treating subsystem.The given case study showed that the method roundly considered the opportunities of wastewater minimization and the proposed optimal flow scheme was feasible and effective.