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Hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl esters to fatty alcohols at supercritical conditions
Authors:Sander van den Hark  Magnus Härröd  Poul Møller
Affiliation:1. Department of Food Science, c/o SIK, Chalmers University of Technology, P.O. Box 5401, SE-402, 29 G?teborg, Sweden
2. Augustenborggade 21B11, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
Abstract:Extremely rapid hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to fatty alcohols (FOH) occurs when the reaction is conducted in a substantially homogeneous supercritical phase, using propane as a solvent, over a solid catalyst. At these conditions, the limitations of hydrogen transport are eliminated. At temperatures above 240°C, complete conversion of the starting material was reached at residence times of 2 to 3 s, which is several orders of magnitude shorter than reported in the literature. Furthermore, formation of by-products, i.e., hydrocarbons, could be prevented by choosing the right process settings. Hydrogen concentration turned out to be the key parameter for achieving the above two goals. As a result of the supercritical conditions, we could control the hydrogen concentration at the catalyst surface independently of the other process parameters. When methylated rapeseed oil was used as a substrate, the hydrogenation catalyst was deactivated rapidly. However, by using methylated sunflower oil, a catalyst life similar to that obtained in industrial processes was achieved. Our results showed that the hydrogenation of FAME to FOH at supercritical conditions is a much more efficient method than any other published process.
Keywords:Copper catalysts  fatty acid methyl esters  fatty alcohols  heterogeneous catalysis  hydrogenation  propane  supercritical
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