固体氧化物电解池技术的应用前景与挑战

固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)技术基于固态电解质可实现电能、热能向化学能的高效、灵活转化，可与太阳能、风能和潮汐能等可再生能源衔接，利用所产生的过剩电能实现H₂的高效、清洁、大规模制备；可以耦合CO₂捕获过程，实现CO₂与H₂O共电解制备合成气；可与大型工业结合，利用产生的低附加值原料制备乙烯、氨气、甲醛等高附加值化学品。SOEC技术可以满足未来社会对大规模可再生能源转化及存储的需求，对加快全世界范围内非化石能源替代进程、加速实现我国“双碳”目标意义重大。主要讨论了SOEC技术所应用的电极和电解质材料、现阶段的应用场景及原理、面临的挑战，并对该技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Application Prospects and Challenges of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Technology

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology can realize the efficient and flexible conversion of electrical and thermal energy to chemical energy on the basis of solid electrolytes. It can be connected with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power and tidal energy to utilize the excess electricity generated for efficient, clean, and large?scale production of hydrogen. When coupled with the CO₂ capture process, it enables the co?electrolysis of CO₂ and H₂O to produce syngas. In addition, it can be combined with large?scale industries to produce high?value?added chemicals such as ethylene, ammonia, and formaldehyde with low?value?added raw materials generated. SOEC technology can meet the needs of the future society for the large?scale renewable energy conversion and storage,which is of great significance for accelerating the substitution process of non?fossil energy worldwide and the realization of China's carbon peak and neutrality goals. This paper mainly discussed the electrode and electrolyte materials used in solid oxide electrolysis technology, the application scenarios and principles at the current stage, and the challenges faced. Moreover, it predicted the future development directions of the technology.