Electric field-induced changes in agonist-stimulated calcium fluxes of human HL-60 leukemia cells

The mechanism of biological effects of extremely-low-frequency electric and magnetic fields may involve induced changes of Ca2+ transport through plasma membrane ion channels. In this study we investigated the effects of externally applied, low-intensity 60 Hz electric (E) fields (0.5 V/m, current density 0.8 A/m2) on the agonist-induced Ca2+ fluxes of HL-60 leukemia cells. The suspensions of HL-60 cells received E-field or sham exposure for 60 min and were simultaneously stimulated either by 1 microM ATP or by 100 microM histamine or were not stimulated at all. After E-field or sham exposure, the responses of the intracellular calcium levels of the cells to different concentrations of ATP (0.2-100 microM) were assessed. Compared with control cells, exposure of ATP-activated cells to an E-field resulted in a 20-30% decrease in the magnitude of [Ca2+]i elevation induced by a low concentration of ATP (<1 microM). In contrast, exposure of histamine-activated HL-60 cells resulted in a 20-40% increase of ATP-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i. E-field exposure had no effect on non-activated cells. Kinetic analysis of concentration-response plots also showed that compared with control cells, exposure to the E-field resulted in increases of the Michaelis constant, Km, value in ATP-treated cells and of the maximal [Ca2+]i peak rise in histamine-treated HL-60 cells. The observed effects were reversible, indicating the absence of permanent structural damages induced by acute 60 min exposure to electric fields. These results demonstrate that low-intensity electric fields can alter calcium distribution in cells, most probably due to the effect on receptor-operated Ca2+ and/or ion channels.