长相思葡萄生长发育过程中理化指标及氨基酸含量分析

该试验以宁夏银川的张裕摩塞尔酒庄的长相思葡萄（Sauvignon Blanc）为试材，主要测定葡萄浆果生长发育7个时期葡萄的糖、酸和氨基酸含量等主要品质指标，并对果实品质进行主成分分析（PCA）。结果表明，可溶性固形物含量和百粒质量、pH值随着长相思葡萄果实的发育呈上升趋势；可滴定酸、总酚和单宁含量呈下降趋势。从葡萄浆果共检测出16种氨基酸组分，其中胱氨酸从花后40 d到花后90 d呈缓慢下降趋势，在成熟时（花后105 d）增长至130.52 mg/L；甲硫氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、异亮氨酸和赖氨酸含量在发育过程中保持相对稳定，亮氨酸则从花后40 d的67.77 mg/L持续增长至成熟时的336.75 mg/L，其他9种氨基酸的含量从花后40 d到花后90 d呈增长趋势，在成熟前略有下降。精氨酸与脯氨酸含量的比值从花后50 d快速增加，成熟时达到最大值（5.67）。PCA结果表明长相思葡萄在不同发育时期的氨基酸含量差异较大。

Analysis of physical and chemical indicators and amino acids contents during the growth and development process of Sauvignon Blanc

Using Sauvignon Blanc from Changyu Mosell Winery in Yinchuan, Ningxia as test materials, the main quality indicators such as sugar, acid and amino acids contents of the grapes during the 7 periods of berry growth were mainly determined, and the fruit quality was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the soluble solids, 100-berry mass and pH increased with the development of the fruit, however the titratable acid, total phenol and tannin contents decreased. Sixteen amino acid components were detected from grape berries, among them, the cystine decreased slowly from 40 d to 90 d after flowering, while the contents of cysteine increased to 130.52 mg/L (105 d after flowering). The content of methionine, threonine, tyrosine, isoleucine and lysine remained relatively stable during the development process. Leucine continued to increase from 67.77 mg/L at 40 d after flowering to 336.75 mg/L at maturity. The content of other 9 amino acids increased from 40 d to 90 d after flowering, but decreased slightly before maturity. The ratio of arginine to proline content increased rapidly from 50 d after flowering, and reached the maximum value at maturity (5.67). The PCA results showed that the amino acid content of Sauvignon Blanc varied greatly in different developmental stages.