表面活性剂/有机碱对辽河稠油乳状液的影响

为了便于辽河稠油的管道输送，以分水率和降黏率为两项重要研究指标，通过稠油乳化降黏实验，分析了表面活性剂类型及质量分数，有机碱的质量分数和Ca²⁺对辽河稠油乳状液稳定性和流变性的影响规律和作用机理。结果表明，不同的表面活性剂具有不同的分子结构，在油水界面膜上的作用能力差别较大，导致乳状液的流变性和稳定性发生较大变化；用两性表面活性剂LAO?30配置的辽河稠油O/W型乳状液，其分水率与降黏率均随着LAO?30质量分数的增大而降低；表面活性剂LAO?30分别复配有机碱（TEA、ETA、TEOA）时均具有协同作用，能很好地提高乳状液稳定性；对乳状液降黏率、分水率、绿色环保等方面综合考量，选用质量分数为0.20%的ETA和0.75%的LAO?30复配，经乳化得到的乳状液在抗硬水能力方面有很大提升，在CaCl₂质量分数达到0.20%时，乳状液6 h的分水率为24.4%。

Effect of Surfactant/Organic Alkali on Liaohe Heavy Oil Emulsion

In order to facilitate the pipeline transportation of Liaohe heavy oil, the water separation rate and viscosity reduction rate are two important research parameters. Influence mechanism of the types and mass fractions of surfactants, organic alkalis and the Ca²⁺ on stability and rheology of Liaohe heavy oil emulsion were investigated through the viscosity reduction experiments of heavy oil emulsification . The results of the study indicate that different surfactants have diverse molecular structures, which would induce different properties at oil?water interface, leading to greater differences in the rheology and stability of the emulsion. Amphoteric surfactant LAO?30 was used to configure the Liaohe heavy oil O/W emulsion, its water separation rate and viscosity reduction rate decrease with the increasing of the mass fraction of LAO?30. The surfactant LAO?30 mixed with organic alkali, such as TEA, ETA, and TEOA, shows synergistic effect of the two components and improves the stability of the emulsion. Considering the viscosity reduction rate, water separation rate, and environmental protection of the emulsion, the optimized quality fraction of 0.20% ETA and 0.75% LAO?30 are selected. The emulsions obtained by emulsificating have a great improvement in the resistance to hard water. When the mass fraction of CaCl₂ reaches 0.20%, the water separation rate within 6 hours of the emulsion is 24.4%.