二甲基亚砜对乳胶基质耐低温性能及热分解特性的影响

为了提升乳化炸药的耐低温性能,向乳化炸药水相中加入不同含量的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。利用析晶率实验、扫描电镜(SEM)观察和猛度实验,研究冷冻后(-2 0℃)乳化炸药的稳定性及爆轰性能,并结合热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)技术研究乳胶基质的热分解特性。实验结果表明,在-20℃冷冻条件下,与未添加DMSO的乳胶基质相比,加入1.5%(质量分数)的DMSO能使乳胶基质达到最大析晶率时间由24 d推迟到51 d;冷冻12 d后,含DMSO的乳胶基质其乳胶粒子分布更加均匀,DMSO含量为1.5%的乳化炸药较未添加DMSO的乳化炸药猛度增加29.9%;DMSO的加入对于乳胶基质热分解过程没有明显影响,但会降低其表观活化能,当DMSO含量为1.5%时乳胶基质表观活化能降低约18.5%。

Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Low Temperature Resistance and Thermal Decomposition of Emulsion Explosive Matrix

In order to improve the low?temperature resistance of emulsion explosives(EE),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)was added into the aqueous phase of emulsion explosive matrix(EEM).The crystallization rate,and microscopic structure and detonation performance of brisance of the prepared EEM were studied.And the thermal decomposition characteristics of EEM were also tested thermogravimetry?derivative thermogravimetry(TG?DTG)technology.The results show that adding 1.5%(mass fraction)of DMSO can delay the time for the EEM to reach the maximum crystallization rate from 24 days to 51 days under the condition of freezing at-20℃,compared to the EEM without DMSO.After being frozen for 12 days,the EEM containing DMSO has a more uniform distribution of emulsion particles.DMSO(1.5%)can increase the brisance of EE by 29.9%.The addition of DMSO has no obvious effect on the thermal decomposition process of EEM,but the apparent activation energy of EEM decreased with the increase of the DMSO content.When the DMSO content reached 1.5%,the apparent activation energy of EEM decreased by about 18.5%.