Optimisation of inulin extraction from globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi.) by electromagnetic induction heating process

In this study, a D‐optimal design was used to optimise the extraction process conditions of inulin with a high degree of polymerisation from Globe artichoke heart (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi.), using electromagnetic induction heating (EMIH) as a new extraction process. Four factors were simultaneously studied which were the extraction temperature (55–90 °C), the extraction time (30–120 min), the weight ratio (plant material dry weight/volume of distilled water: 5–10%) and the mode of heating (conventional or electromagnetic induction heating). It was found that the second‐order polynomial models developed by the response surface methodology (RSM) describe adequately the relationship between the factors and responses (extraction yield, viscosity and solubility of inulin). The optimum extraction conditions that led to a maximal extraction yield (45.98%) and an optimal viscosity (3.25 mL g^?1) of extracted inulin are temperature of 89.49 °C, extraction time of 120 min and a 5.01% of weight ratio using EIMH process. Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy spectrum of the extracted inulin was identical to that of the native inulin. The analysis of the extract by thin‐layer chromatography confirms the absence of pectin in the final product, as well as the X‐ray diffraction analysis exhibits a semi‐crystalline structure of the biopolymer.