热等离子体裂解煤一步法制乙炔关键技术及过程经济性分析

热等离子体裂解煤一步法制乙炔过程为煤的直接化工利用提供了一条绿色、清洁和高效率的转化途径。基于兆瓦级热等离子体裂解煤反应器的研发,概述了已有的基础和工程研究成果,并重点从高效气固混合、结焦控制以及反应器优化与放大3个方面探讨了反应器的一些关键技术问题。从反应系统角度出发,基于对该过程的物料、能量衡算和经济效益分析结果,指出能量和物料的综合利用是该过程经济性的保证。

Analysis of key techniques and economic feasibility for one-step production of acetylene by coal pyrolysis in thermal plasma reactor

The thermal plasma process for converting coal to acetylene in one-step opens up a direct means for green, clean and efficient utilization of coal, which has potential to substitute the conventional calcium carbide method for acetylene production. Based on the research and development on pilot-scale (ie, 2 MW & 5 MW) plasma reactors for coal pyrolysis, fundamental understanding and state-of-the-art advancement of this process were firstly reviewed. Then some key issues on the reactor design, involving high-efficient gas-solids mixing, coking control and reactor optimization and scale-up were discussed in detail. Furthermore, the process was investigated systematically based on the analyses of materials balance, energy balance and the economic assessment. It is concluded that the optimal utilization of energy and materials flows in the system is of great significance to ensure the economic feasibility.