排酸时间与熟制程度对牛肉挥发性风味物质的影响

为研究排酸时间与熟制程度对牛肉挥发性风味成分的影响,选择排酸过程中(3,5,7d)的西门塔尔牛背最长肌分别制作五成熟、七成熟和全熟牛排,采用顶空固相微萃取—气相色谱—质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)法对不同排酸时间下各熟制程度牛肉进行挥发性风味物质的定性、定量与主成分分析,探究利于风味物质形成的排酸时间与熟制程度。结果表明:各牛肉样品中共鉴定出50种挥发性风味化合物,其中酯类化合物相对含量与排酸时间呈正相关,与熟制程度呈负相关,烃类、酮类化合物相对含量分别与排酸时间、熟制程度对应呈负相关,而醛类化合物相对含量与排酸时间和熟制程度均呈正相关,呋喃类化合物仅在排酸7d的牛肉中有检出。主成分分析(PCA)与综合因子评分结果显示排酸7d的五成熟牛肉中的挥发性风味化合物综合评分远高于其它样品组,该条件最利于牛肉中挥发性风味物质的形成。

Effects of aging time and cooking degree on volatile flavors of beef

In order to study the effects of aging time, cooking degree and their interaction on beef flavor components, the longissimus dorsi of Simmental cattle in the process of aging time (3, 5, 7 d) were selected to make steaks of medium, medium well and well done. Volatile flavor components in different aging times and cooking degree were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), explored the best aging time and cooking degree which were beneficial to flavor substances formated. Results showed that, a total of 50 volatile compounds were identified in each beef sample. The relative content of ester compounds was positively correlated with aging time, negatively correlated with cooking degree. The relative contents of hydrocarbons, ketones were negatively correlated with aging time and cooking degree respectively. However, the relative content of aldehydes was positively correlated with aging time and cooking degree. Furan compounds were only detected in beef with aging for 7 days. Principal component analysis (PCA) and comprehensive factor scores showed that the medium well beef with aging for 7 days gained the highest comprehensive score, which was the most conducive condition to form better volatile flavors in beef.