水酶法提取葵花籽油工艺及机理

本研究是以脱酚的葵花籽仁为原料,主要研究了葵花籽粉碎粒径及各种水酶法提取条件等对葵花籽油提取率的影响;采用激光共聚焦显微镜(Contocal Laser Scanning Microscope,CLSM)对葵花籽粉碎过程及各相进行了表征,明确了较佳工艺条件的内在机制。研究表明,经进一步精粉碎,粒径能够达19.68 μm,游离油得率大幅提高。水酶法提葵花籽油的较佳工艺条件为:料液比1:5(w/v),添加1.5%的碱性蛋白酶Protex 6L反应2 h。该条件下,葵花籽游离油得率达到92.48%。CLSM证明精粉碎得到的葵花籽物料比剪切粉碎的尺寸更小、更均匀。水酶法提取的葵花籽油在主要理化指标上达到了冷榨一级油的标准,其反式脂肪酸显著低于市售低温压榨葵花籽油。水酶法提取的油品质更好,得油率更高,有明显的优势。

Process and Mechanism of Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Sunflower Seed Oil

In this study,sunflower seed of removing phenol was used as raw material,and the effects of sunflower seed crushed particle size and various aqueous enzymatic extraction conditions on the extraction rate of sunflower seed oil were studied. The process of sunflower seed crushing and each phase were studied by CLSM. And the internal mechanism of optimum technical condition was clear. The partical size of sunflower seed by fine pulverize was 19.68 μm,significantly improved the free oil yeild. Optimum conditions for aqueous enzymatic extraction were as follows:Alkali protease Probex 6L for 2 h,1:5 (w/v),2 h,1.5%(v/w). Under the optimum conditions the free oil yield was 92.48%. CLSM further demonstrates that the finely comminuted sunflower seed material was smaller and more uniform than the shear comminuted sunflower seed. Compared with the commercially available low-temperature pressed sunflower oil,the sunflower oil extracted by aqueous enzymatic method reaches the standard of cold-pressed first-grade oil in the main physical and chemical indicators,and its trans-fatty acid was significantly lower than that of commercially available sunflower oil. The oil extracted by the aqueous enzymatic method has better quality,higher oil yield and obvious advantages.