Hygienic status and biogenic amine content of mung bean sprouts |
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Authors: | F Skowronek L Simon-Sarkadi W H Holzapfel |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Engesserstrasse 20, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, DE;(2) Department of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Technical University of Budapest, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary, HU |
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Abstract: | Microbiological analyses of commercial mung bean sprouts showed the total, viable microbiological population to exceed 108 cfu/g. Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter agglomerans were found to be the dominant and most frequently isolated microbial species. Putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine
were detected in all samples investigated. Formation of biogenic amines by pure culture isolates was studied in a modified
decarboxylase medium at different temperatures, pH values and atmospheres. Highest activities were found under aerobic conditions
at 20 °C. K. pneumoniae 861 produced 1.2 mg cadaverine/ml after an incubation period of 24 h and E. cloacae 862 produced 2 mg putrescine/ml after 48 h of incubation. For E. agglomerans 863, no biogenic amines were detected under these conditions. Production of cadaverine by E. cloacae 862 and K. pneumoniae 861 under aerobic conditions is presumably related to lysine decarboxylase activities. Although highest decarboxylase activities
have usually been found at acidic pH values, amine production reached a maximum at pH 7. Under anaerobic conditions, E. cloacae 862 produced only about half the amount of putrescine as under aerobic conditions, whilst K. pneumoniae 861 produced significantly less cadaverine but was able to produce putrescine.
Received: 10 October 1997 / Revised version: 21 January 1998 |
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Keywords: | Mung bean sprouts Enterobacter cloacae Klebsiella pneumoniae Biogenic amines Decarboxylase medium |
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