农业非点源污染控制的补贴政策

针对我国目前的农业非点源污染特点、成因,借鉴吸收国外相关领域的研究成果及成功经验,从理论上对控制农业污染的补贴政策进行了阐述,着重从正外部性行为的补贴、对减少负外部性行为的补贴及产品价格补贴等方面,对补贴对象、资金来源和补贴额度等方面进行探讨。最后选择北京市重要水源地的潮河流域(密云县境内)为政策设计示范区,估算了对农民环保行为给予补贴、补偿的额度,提出本区以鼓励扶持引导为主、收费惩罚为辅控制削减农业污染的经济政策构想,对政策的经济、技术及制度方面进行了分析评价。

Subsidy policy for agricultural non-point source pollution control

Based on the characteristics and causes of agricultural non-point source pollution （NPSP） in China and the achievements and experiences abroad, the subsidy policies for control of agricultural NPSP were proposed. Subsidy object, fund source and ration were discussed based on key issues such as subsides for positive exteriority, reduced negative exteriority and product price. The Chaohe River watershed （in Miyun County）, an important drinking water source region in Beijing, was chosen as a demonstration area. The subsidy and compensation ration for the enviromnental protection behavior of farmers was estimated, and the economic policy for agricultural pollution control was brought forward with encouragement, support and guide as the main policy and punishment as the accessory one. The economic, technical and institutional problems of the policies were also analyzed.