Abstract: | AbstractThis study continues the authors’ investigation of the newly developed product KAF-09OF and concerns the preparation and characterisation of amorphous phosphate coatings on carbon steels. KAF-09OF is a liquid concentrate of ammonium and alkaline phosphates, stabilising additives – buffers, softeners, activators (both inorganic and organic), as well as surfactants – a non-ionic and an anionic detergents. Gravimetric and polarisation methods, X-ray fluorescence analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to determine the effect of pH (2–6), temperature conditions (20–80°C) and agitation rate (0–2000 rev min?1) on the process of phosphating using this developed product. Coating thicknesses, compositions, structures and passivation characteristics in the phosphating baths with different concentrations of KAF-09OF have been analysed. |