The interaction between Mycobacterium and the macrophage analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

The intramacrophage pathogen Mycobacterium avium resides in a vacuole which displays unusual fusion characteristics, expressed as both a failure to mature into phagolysosomes and a continued access to the early recycling pathway. In contrast, compartments containing inert IgG-opsonized latex beads mature to phagolysosomes. Techniques were developed for the isolation of these particle-containing phagosomes from macrophages to facilitate analysis of phagosomal constituents by electrophoresis and autoradiography. Metabolic labeling of macrophages followed by phagosome isolation and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed only minor differences in the protein profiles between the M. avium and IgG-bead phagosomes despite the marked differences in the fusigenicity of the respective vacuoles. Pulse-chase labeling experiments revealed greater differences in the accessibility of Mycobacterium avium and IgG-bead phagosomes to newly synthesized proteins. These phagosome isolation techniques were extended to analyze the protein synthesis profile of intracellular M. avium for comparison with bacteria that were metabolically labeled in broth culture. Not surprisingly, the majority of polypeptides in the bacilli were common to both growth conditions. However, despite these similarities, intracellular M. avium express several unique proteins, most notably one abundant protein with a molecular weight of 51 kDa. In addition, the bacteria manifest a restricted set of proteins expressed while in stasis shortly after infection.