1992～1993年冬季中国东北宝泉岭气温和地温的波谱特征

在冬季，西伯利亚冷气团流经中国东北到日本，在经过日本海期间发生变性，而这种变性对日本冬季气候的影响是十分重要的，同时在气团流经的路径上气温和地温也会在变性以前上下起伏，而这些温度又和观测点的地形因素有关。在哈尔滨东北５００ｋｍ，与宝泉岭毗邻的农场设有一观测站，从１９９２年１１月到１９９３年２月，观测气温和地温并计算其主波谱。分析气温波谱显示，１—２周的波谱是由路径影响导致的，并占有主导地位，１天周期的波谱主要是由于太阳幅射的日周期变化引起的，由于地形因素而产生的０．５和０．３日周期波谱在研究的初期随在１—２周主波之后，在研究的中期和后期，１日的波谱长占主导地位，在此期间西伯利亚流向日本的气团不是很频繁，这点和日本的暖冬是相符合的。因此在波谱中日周期变化和观测点地形因素在决定干燥和晴空天气特性方面是相对重要的。由于土壤的热传导特性，地温波谱象１日、０．５日．０．３日这样的短周期波是平滑的，热敏元件埋在一个适中的土层里，土壤是一个很好的滤波器，使我们更好地观测路径导致的长波的变化。

Spectral Characteristics of Air and Ground Temperatures at Baoquanling Heilongjiang Province, China, in Winter Season of 1992-1993

In winter season,the Siberia air-mess flows out through the northeastern part ofChina to Japan,and is modified during its passage over the Sea of Japan,and the modification is very important in determining the winter climate in Japan.Meanwhile,air temperature 'and ground temperature on the route of the runolf willbe up and down according to mainly passages of the air--mass before the modification.These tempelatures also are due to topographic factors of the obsevatory.The power spectrums of air and ground temperatures at an observatory set in afarm adjacent to Baoquanling,about 500km NE from Harbin,China,during Nov, 15, 1992to Feb. 5. 1993,were calculated.The spectrums of air temperatures showed that 1--2 week periods due to the runoffprevailed and I dayperild which was due to diural variation of solar radiation,and,both0. sand 0. 3day periods which were seemed to be due to the topographic factors of theobservatory followed the l-2 week periods in order at the beginning of the term. At themiddle and end of the term, 1 day period prevailed. It seemed that the severe runoffs ofSiberia air-mass to Japan were not so much frequently during the term, and this wouldcorrespond to warm winter in Japan. So,the spectrums due to diural variation and topographic factors of the observatory which characterized the climate of dry and clear wereprevailed reatively.The spectrums of ground temperaturs were smoothed in short periods sf such as l,0. 5 and 0. 3 day by thermal conductivity of the soil. The soil of which the thermal sensors were buried at temperate depth seemed to be a good filter to observe temperatures with long periodical changing like the period of the runoff