A Hardware-Efficient H.264/AVC Motion-Estimation Design for High-Definition Video

Motion estimation (ME) in high-definition H.264 video coding presents a significant design challenge for memory bandwidth, latency, and cost because of its large search range and various modes. To conquer this problem, this paper presents a low-latency and hardware-efficient ME design with three design techniques. The first technique on integer-pel ME (IME) adopts parallel instead of serial multiresolution search so that we can process 1080 p @ 60 fps videos with $pm$128 search range within just 256 cycles, 5.95-KB buffers, and 213.7K gates. The second technique on fractional-pel ME (FME) uses a single-iteration six-point search to reduce the cycle count by half with similar gate count and negligible quality loss. The third technique applies a mode-filtering approach to further reduce the bandwidth and cycles and share the buffer of IME and FME. The final ME implementation with 0.13-$mu{hbox {m}}$ process can support processing of 1080 p @ 60 fps with just 128.8 MHz, 282.6 K gates, and 8.54-KB buffer, which saves 60% gate count, and 68.9% SRAM buffers when compared with the previous design.