大塑性变形6013铝合金的时效特性与力学性能

利用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和拉伸试验,研究不同温度等通道转角挤压（ECAP）和常规静态时效处理后6013 Al-Mg-Si铝合金的微观结构、时效行为、析出动力学以及力学性能。XRD测得的ECAP变形后合金的平均晶粒尺寸在66-112 nm范围内,平均位错密度在1.20×10^14-1.70×10^14 m^-2范围内。DSC分析表明,由于ECAP后试样比常规时效处理试样拥有更细小的晶粒和更高的位错密度,因此,ECAP变形后合金的析出动力学更快。与未变形合金相比,ECAP后试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度都得到了显著提高。室温ECAP后试样的强度达到最大,其屈服强度是静态峰时效屈服强度的1.6倍。细晶强化、位错强化以及由于ECAP过程中的动态析出而产生的析出相强化,是ECAP合金获得高强度的几种主要强化机制。

Aging behavior and mechanical properties of 6013 aluminum alloy processed by severe plastic deformation

Structural features, aging behavior, precipitation kinetics and mechanical properties of a 6013 Al–Mg–Si aluminum alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） at different temperatures were comparatively investigated with that in conventional static aging by quantitative X-ray diffraction （XRD） measurements, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and tensile tests. Average grain sizes measured by XRD are in the range of 66-112 nm while the average dislocation density is in the range of 1.20×10^14-1.70×10^14 m^-2 in the deformed alloy. The DSC analysis reveals that the precipitation kinetics in the deformed alloy is much faster as compared with the peak-aged sample due to the smaller grains and higher dislocation density developed after ECAP. Both the yield strength （YS） and ultimate tensile strength （UTS） are dramatically increased in all the ECAP samples as compared with the undeformed counterparts. The maximum strength appears in the samples ECAP treated at room temperature and the maximum YS is about 1.6 times that of the statically peak-aged sample. The very high strength in the ECAP alloy is suggested to be related to the grain size strengthening and dislocation strengthening, as well as the precipitation strengthening contributing from the dynamic precipitation during ECAP.