Alkali–silica reaction: Current understanding of the reaction mechanisms and the knowledge gaps |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;2. Dept. of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;3. Laboratory of Construction Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IMX LMC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;4. School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;5. Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada;1. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstr. 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;2. Institute for Surface Science & Technology (D-MATL), ETH Zurich, Schafmattstr. 6, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 3127 Research Drive, State College, PA, 16801, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 231M Sackett Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA;3. Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, 323F Thomas Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA |
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| Abstract: | Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a major concrete durability problem, resulting in significant maintenance and reconstruction costs to concrete infrastructures all over the world. Despite decades of study, the underlying chemical and physical reaction mechanisms remain poorly understood, especially at molecular to micro-scale levels, and this has resulted in the inability to efficiently assess the risk, predict the service life, and mitigate deterioration in ASR-susceptible structures. This paper intends to summarize the current state of understanding and the existing knowledge gaps with respect to reaction mechanisms and the roles of aggregate properties (e.g., composition, mineralogy, size, and surface characteristics), pore solution composition (e.g., pH, alkalis, calcium, aluminum), and exposure conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) on the rate and magnitude of ASR. In addition, the current state of computer modeling as an alternative or supplement to physical testing for prediction of ASR performance is discussed. |
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