High voltage coefficient piezoelectric materials and their applications |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA1 9BJ, UK;3. Ultra Maritime Systems, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4N2, Canada;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA;2. Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA;1. Department of Functional Powder Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwondaero 797, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India;3. Advanced Materials Engineering Division, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA;2. Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States;2. Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States |
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| Abstract: | The piezoelectric dij coefficient is often regarded in materials science as the most important figure of merit of piezoelectric performance. For many applications, the piezoelectric gij coefficient which correlates to voltage output and sensitivity of a piezoelectric material can be considered of equal or increased importance, however is often an overlooked parameter in materials science literature. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of this parameter and to provide insight into the mechanisms that drive a high piezoelectric voltage coefficient in single crystal, polycrystalline, and composite form. For bulk ceramics, special attention is given to tetragonal systems due to the availability of electrical and crystallographic data allowing for a clear structure-property relation. Orthorhombic and rhombohedral systems are mentioned and specific cases highlighted, however investigating structure-property relations is difficult due to the lack of crystallographic datasets. Composite materials have been the forefront of high gij piezoelectric materials over the decades and are therefore also considered in both ceramic-matrix and polymer-matrix form. An overview of applications in medical, energy, fishing and defence industries where a high gij is desirable are considered and the scientific and commercial considerations that must be made for the transition from laboratory to industry are discussed from the perspective of integrating new piezoelectric materials into sonar devices. |
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| Keywords: | Piezoelectric Ferroelectric Piezovoltage Single crystal Polycrystalline Piezocomposites Applications |
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