城市音景的鉴定工具-声音漫步

声音存在于城市内的自然和人为环境中，声音来源可分为三个大类形：大自然声诸如风、雨、雷暴等；生命之声诸如鸟类、昆虫、宠物和动物发出的声音；人为之声如人声、音乐声、交通噪声、通风系统之噪声、建筑和拆卸工程之噪声、贸易活动产生的噪声。在最近几年，声音漫步已成为表征城市声景的方法之一。声音漫步通常通过一群人在被研究区内有代表性的典型路径的漫步。漫步者把声音录下来，也将在路径上听到的声音特点和来源记录，以及拍摄照片和在地图上标示。文章旨在为声音漫步提出一个实用指南，方便它成为城市音景的鉴定工具。

Identification of a city's soundscape using soundwalks

Sounds exist in natural and man-made environments. In a city, its sonic environment is shaped by three broad categories of sources:geophonies such as wind, rain, thunderstorms, etc; biophonies such as the sounds made by birds, insects, pets, and animals; and anthrophonies such as people''s voices, music from hi-fi systems, and noises from traffic, ventilation systems, construction and demolition works, and trade activities. In recent years, soundwalks have become one of the key methods to characterize city soundscapes. Soundwalks involve a person (or a group of people) who follows a typical path, track or trail that can be considered as representative in the studied area. During the walks, sound recordings are normally made with a binaural microphone system and a recorder. The walker(s) will also make comments on the path, sound characteristics and sources, as well as take photos and notes on the map. The perception of sonic environment is considered as the soundscape of the place. This paper aims to present the practice of soundwalks as a tool in defining soundscape.