6061铝水导激光加工工艺参数优化研究

为研究水导激光加工关键工艺参数对6061铝切槽形状与组织性能的影响,利用自研的水导激光加工设备,对6061铝开展了包括激光功率、激光重复频率、进给速度及加工次数在内的多个关键工艺参数的多因素影响切槽实验。利用金相显微镜对加工沟槽的深宽比、侧壁锥度及组织变化情况进行了测量与分析。实验结果表明:激光重复频率对沟槽宽度有较明显影响；较高的激光功率、较低的激光重复频率有利于形成侧壁垂直的沟槽；较高的激光功率、较低的激光重复频率、较低的进给速度以及多次加工有利于形成大深宽比的沟槽结构；所有的工艺参数下加工沟槽附近均未发现有热影响区等组织变化。根据上述实验结果提出了使用水导激光加工技术进行大深宽比、低热影响区结构加工的工艺参数优化方法。

Research of process parameter optimization on laser water-jet machining of 6061 aluminum

In order to study the influence of process parameters in laser water-jet machining on groove shape and metallographic structure of aluminum 6061,samples are machined on self-developed laser water-jet machining platform with different process parameters including laser power,laser repetition frequency,laser feeding speed and number of passes.Metallographic microscope is used to evaluate the cross-section shape and metallographic structure change of grooves machined by laser water-jet machining platform.Analysis of experiment results shows that laser repetition frequency has obvious influence on width of groove.Bigger laser power and lower laser repetition frequency can generate grooves with vertical side wall.And bigger laser power,lower laser repetition frequency,lower feeding speed and multiple processing have positive effect on generating grooves with bigger depth to width ratio.The metallographic structure has no change after laser water-jet machining.Based on those experiments results,a process parameter optimization method is proposed to realize machining of structure with high depth to width ratio and less heat affected zone using laser water-jet technology.