大豆油酶法脱胶和硅胶吸附脱皂效果研究

利用PLA1脱除大豆毛油中的磷脂，再用硅胶吸附脱除大豆油中的残磷和残皂。以酶法脱胶后含磷量、硅胶吸附脱皂后的含磷量和含皂量为评价指标，研究酶法脱胶及硅胶吸附脱皂对大豆油脱胶脱皂效果的影响。结果表明：在大豆油pH 5.5～6、去离子水添加量3%、反应时间6～8 h的脱胶条件下，酶法脱胶效果随PLA1添加量的增加而提高，PLA1添加量分别为50、75、100 mg/kg时，脱胶大豆油中含磷量分别从566.36、538.02、562.76 mg/kg降至44.67、18.99、17.01 mg/kg，再添加油质量0.1%的SORBSIL R92硅胶，大豆油含磷量分别降至41.21、16.35、15.42 mg/kg，含皂量分别从37、23、14 mg/kg降至14、8、5 mg/kg。酶法脱胶后大豆油酸值和过氧化值有所升高，3个油样的酸值（KOH）平均升高0.63 mg/g，过氧化值平均升高0.007 g/100 g。硅胶吸附脱皂也造成大豆油酸值和过氧化值有所升高。

Enzymatic degumming and soap removal by silica gel adsorption of soybean oil

Using PLA1 to remove phospholipid from crude soybean oil,then residual phosphorus and soap in soybean oil were removed by silica gel adsorption. Taking the phosphorus content after enzymatic degumming, the phosphorus content and soap content after silica gel adsorption as evaluation indicators, the effects of enzymatic degumming and the adsorption of silica gel were studied.The results showed that under the degumming conditions of soybean oil pH 5.5-6, dosage of deionized water 3% and reaction time 6-8 h, the effect of enzymatic degumming increased with the increase of dosage of PLA1.When the dosages of PLA1 were 50,75 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg,the phosphorus content in degummed soybean oil decreased from 566.36,538.02,562.76 mg/kg to 44.67,18.99,17.01 mg/kg, respectively. Then adding 0.1% of SORBSIL R92 silica gel, phosphorus content in soybean oil decreased to 41.21,16.35,15.42 mg/kg, and soap content decreased from 37,23,14 mg/kg to 14,8,5 mg/kg, respectively.After enzymatic degumming, the acid value and peroxide value of soybean oil increased,and the acid value of three oil samples increased by 0.63 mgKOH/g on average, and the peroxide value increased by 0.007 g/100 g on average. The acid value and peroxide value of soybean oil increased after the adsorption of silica gel.