Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and grain yields under long-term fertilizations in the upland red soil of southern China |
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Authors: | Wenju Zhang Minggang Xu Boren Wang Xiujun Wang |
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Affiliation: | (1) Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People’s Republic of China;(2) Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland Research Park, College Park, MD 20740, USA |
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Abstract: | A long-term experiment with various fertilizations was carried out during 1990–2006 in a double cropping system rotated with
wheat (Triticum Aestivium L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) in the red soil of southern China. The experiment consisted of eight treatments: non-fertilization (CK), nitrogen–phosphorus
fertilization (NP), phosphorus–potassium fertilization (PK), nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilization (NPK), pig manure
(M), pig manure and NPK fertilization (NPKM), high rates of NPKM (hNPKM), and straw returned with inorganic fertilizers (NPKS).
Applications of manure (i.e., M, NPKM and hNPKM) significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen contents.
Applications of inorganic fertilizers without manure showed small influences on SOC, but resulted in declines of soil total
nitrogen over the long-term experiment. Grain yields were more than doubled under fertilizations for both wheat and corn,
with the highest under the NPKM and hNPKM treatments and the lowest under non-fertilization. Long-term cropping practices
without fertilization or with unbalanced fertilizations (e.g., NP and PK) caused low grain yields. The balanced fertilization
of NPK increased grain yields. However, such practice was not able to maintain high grain yields during the last few years
of experiment. Our analyses indicate that both wheat and corn grain yields are significantly correlated with SOC, total and
available nitrogen and phosphorus. However, the relationships are stronger with total nitrogen (r = 0.5–0.6) than with available nitrogen (r = 0.26–0.3), indicating the importance of maintaining soil total nitrogen in agricultural practice. |
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Keywords: | Red soil Long-term fertilization Grain yield Soil organic carbon Total nitrogen |
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