地热资源的开发利用及可持续发展

地热资源作为一种新型能源矿产,具有分布广泛、易于开发等特点,其利用方式主要有地热发电和地热直接利用两种.我国具有良好的地热资源条件,主要为中低温地热资源.据计算,我国12个主要沉积盆地的地热可开采资源量为7500×1018J,相当于2560×108t标煤.当前,我国地热资源利用方式主要以供暖、洗浴、种植等直接利用为主;地热发电发展缓慢,主要分布在西藏;利用热泵技术开发地热资源得到了快速发展;油区地热资源的开发利用也取得了良好的经济和社会效益.但同时我国地热资源产业也面临着一些问题,包括大部分地区尚未开展地热资源勘查评价,影响了地热资源规划的制订及地热产业的发展;防腐、防垢技术还需要进一步加强研究；地热回灌率普遍过低；增强型地热系统研究有待加强等.为了促进地热资源的可持续发展,建议在加大地热资源勘查力度的同时,应以浅层地温能和热水型地热资源为主,发挥热泵技术的优势,开展地热资源的综合利用及梯级利用;重视和加快油气区地热资源的利用；在西藏等适宜地区加大高温地热能发电利用;集中全国优势技术力量,在一两个有利区域开展增强型地热系统技术探索；此外,走回灌开发道路是地热资源开发利用的必然选择.

The Development,Utilization and Sustainable Development of Geothermal Resources

Geothermal resources,as a new type of energy source,are characterized by wide distribution and easy development.Their main applications include power generation and direct use.China has good geothermal conditions and most of its geothermal resources are medium and low-temperature resources.By calculations,the total recoverable geothermal resources in 12 major sedimentary basins in China stand at 7500 ×1018J,equivalent to 2560 ×108t of coal equivalent of energy.Most geothermal resource applications in China are direct uses,including heating,bathing and cultivation.The growth of geothermal resources-based power generation has been slow and most of such capacities are located in Tibet.Geothermal resource development based on heat pump technology has been growing rapidly and the development and utilization of geothermal resources in oil producing areas have achieved good economic and social benefits.At the same time,however,China′ s geothermal resource industry is also facing some challenges.Most parts of the country have not yet begun to explore for geothermal resources,which has affected the formulation of national geothermal resource development plans and the development of the geothermal industry.The country still needs to strengthen its research on anti-cor rosion and anti-scaling technologies.The geothermal resource recharge rates of most areas remain low.The re search on enhanced geothermal systems needs to be strengthened.In order to promote the geothermal resource industry to grow in a sustainable manner,China should focus on developing shallow geotemperature energy and hot-water geothermal resources while simultaneously strengthening geothermal resource exploration,give full scope to the advantage of heat pump technology,and push integrated utilization and cascade use of geothermal resources.The country should also place a high value on and accelerate the utilization of geothermal re sources in oil and gas producing areas,strengthen the use of high-temperature geothermal resources in power generation for appropriate regions such as Tibet and combine nationwide technical strengths to develop enhanced geothermal system technologies in several favorable areas.In addition,recharge development is an inevitable choice in developing and utilizing geothermal resources.