Use of semi-permeable membrane devices and solid-phase extraction for the wide-range screening of microcontaminants in surface water by GC-AED/MS |
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Authors: | van Stee Leo L P Leonards Pim E G van Loon Willem M G M Hendriks A Jan Maas Johanna L Struijs Jaap Brinkman Udo A Th |
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Affiliation: | Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. vstee@chem.vu.nl |
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Abstract: | An automated GC-MS-based screening method was developed for over 400 industrial, agrochemical and household chemicals. Extracted ion chromatograms were used and the method was aimed at creating a minimum number of false positives. The compound polarity range usually associated with solid-phase extraction was extended to include very apolar, bioaccumulative, compounds by using the complementary semi-permeable membrane device technique. Real-life samples were taken at four locations in the main Dutch river systems and one in an agricultural area. Some 150 compounds were detected in the low-ng/l to low-microg/l range. Next to the target compounds, several brominated and chlorinated non-target compounds were detected by means of GC with atomic emission detection and tentatively identified using mass spectral library searching. |
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