多糖降血糖活性构效关系及作用机制研究进展

糖尿病是以高血糖为特征的代谢疾病,发病率逐年攀升,而以西药为主的治疗方式存在一定的副作用,这促使人们将目光转向天然的活性物质。多糖作为一种安全、低毒的天然物质,具有多种生物活性。降血糖活性是多糖的重要活性之一,极具开发潜力。本文从分子质量、单糖组成、糖苷键、高级结构和基团等方面综述了多糖降血糖活性与其结构的关系,并总结了多糖降血糖的作用机制,分析目前研究存在的问题,同时对未来研究的方向进行了总结和展望。

Progress in Understanding the Structure-Activity Relationship and Hypoglycemic Mechanism of Polysaccharides

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. The incidence of diabetes has been increasing year by year. Diabetes treatments mainly with Western medicines can cause side effects, which will stimulate people to turn their attention to natural bioactive substances. As a group of safe, low-toxic natural substances, polysaccharides have many biological activities such as hypoglycemic activity and thus have great development potential. In this paper, the relationship between the hypoglycemic activity and structure of polysaccharides is reviewed with respect to molecular mass, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, advanced structures and groups, and the mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of polysaccharides is summarized. Furthermore, problems existing in this field of research and future research directions are discussed.