榴莲核黄酮的提取及其对秀丽隐杆线虫氧化和衰老的影响

目的：探究榴莲核黄酮的最佳提取工艺以及提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫氧化和衰老的影响，为筛选缓解氧化、延缓衰老的活性物质提供理论依据。方法：在单因素试验的基础上，采用L9（34）正交试验确定榴莲核黄酮最佳提取工艺条件；体外抗氧化能力采用分光光度法、邻二氮菲-Fe2＋氧化法和邻苯三酚自氧化法分别测定1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl，DPPH）自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率；以秀丽隐杆线虫为模式生物，测定榴莲核黄酮提取物对其寿命、运动能力、生殖能力和瘫痪缓解能力的作用效果，并对其相关抗氧化酶活力进行测定。结果：乙醇体积分数40%、料液比1∶220、超声时间70 min和超声功率400 W为最佳提取工艺条件，黄酮平均提取率可达（9.25±0.05）%；0.5 mg/mL黄酮提取物对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率分别为92.6%、79.4%和27.0%；黄酮提取物可延长秀丽隐杆线虫寿命，提高其运动能力，不会损害其生殖能力，能够显著降低线虫瘫痪率（P＜0.05），缓解β淀粉样蛋白毒性作用，并且能够显著提高线虫超氧化物歧化酶活力（P＜0.05），极显著降低其丙二醛含量（P＜0.01）。结论：榴莲核黄酮提取物在体内外均有一定的抗氧化能力且具有缓解氧化衰老病症的效果。

Extraction of Flavonoids from Durian Seeds and Its Antioxidant and Anti-aging Effects in Caenorhabditis elegans

Objective: To optimize the extraction of flavonoids from durian seeds and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of the extract in Caenorhabditis elegans for the purpose of providing a theoretical basis for screening for bioactive substances with antioxidant and anti-aging properties. Methods: The optimization was performed by combined use of one-factor-a-time method and L9 (34) orthogonal array design. To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity, the scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals were determined by spectrophotometry, the phenanthroline-Fe2+ oxidation method and the pyrogallol autoxidation method, respectively. The effects of the flavonoid extract on the lifespan, mobility, reproductive capacity, paralysis relief and antioxidant enzymes activities of C. elegans as a model organism were determined. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 40% ethanol concentration, 1:220 solid-to-solvent ratio, 400 W ultrasonic power, and 70 min ultrasonic duration. Experiments conducted under these conditions gave an average extraction rate of flavonoids of (9.25 ± 0.05)%. The flavonoid extract could scavenge DPPH (92.6%), hydroxyl (79.4%) and superoxide anion radicals (27.0%) effectively. It could prolong the lifespan of C. elegans, improve the mobility, significantly reduce the paralysis rate (P < 0.05), relieve amyloid β-protein (Aβ) toxicity on it, significantly increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.05) and reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.01) without damaging the reproductive capacity. Conclusion: The flavonoid extract from durian seeds has antioxidant capacity in vivo and in vitro, and is able to alleviate oxidative stress and aging-induced diseases.