食品中链格孢霉毒素残留分析的样品前处理技术研究进展

受链格孢霉菌（Alternaria）侵染的食品中会产生具有遗传毒性、细胞毒性、生殖和发育毒性的链格孢霉毒素。食品中链格孢霉毒素的结构和性质差异大、含量较低，其分析检测需要高效的样品前处理技术和准确的分析检测方法。样品前处理在分析检测过程中是非常重要的步骤，但目前是瓶颈环节。本文对含有链格孢霉毒素的食品样品前处理技术进行综述，分别阐述了QuEChERs(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe)、分散液液微萃取、分子印迹固相萃取、直接稀释法在食品基质中链格孢霉毒素的提取过程的应用，以及固相萃取、分散固相萃取、低温冷冻、液液分配在食品中链格孢霉毒素的净化过程的应用。同时，总结了不同提取和净化技术的优缺点，分析了现有前处理技术的优势和局限性，展望了具有发展前景的前处理技术，如制备新型分子印迹固相萃取材料和性能较好的净化材料、建立促使食品中链格孢霉毒素的提取-分析一体化检测体系。

Research Progress on Sample Pretreatment Techniques for Alternaria Toxins Residues Analysis in Food

The food infected by Alternaria species can produce Alternaria toxins with genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and developmental toxicity. Due to the low content of Alternaria toxins with greatly different chemical structures in food, it is necessary to establish a reliable and highly sensitive method for Alternaria toxins residues analysis in food. Sample pretreatment is not only an important part but also a bottleneck in the process of residue analysis. This article reviewed the sample pretreatment technology of Alternaria toxins in food, specifically focusing on the application of QuEChERs, dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction, molecular imprinting solid phase extraction, and direct dilution method in Alternaria toxins extraction, as well as the applications of solid-phase extraction, dispersed solid-phase extraction, low- temperature freezing, and liquid-liquid distribution in the purification process of Alternaria toxins in food matrices. The advantages and disadvantages of different extraction and purification technologies were summarized. The advantages and limitations of existing pre-treatment technologies were analyzed. The development prospects of pre-treatment technologies were discussed, such as preparing new molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction materials and purification materials with good performance and establishing an integrated detection system for extracting and analyzing Alternaria toxins in food.